Bitcoin is designed with a fixed supply that is released gradually over time. Unlike traditional currencies, its issuance follows a predictable schedule built into the protocol.
This means the creation of new Bitcoins is spread across more than a century.
Final Bitcoin expected around the year 2140
The last Bitcoin is projected to be mined around the year 2140.
By that point, the block reward will have been reduced through repeated halving events until it effectively reaches zero. After this stage, no new Bitcoins will be created.
At that time, the total circulating supply will be just under 21 million BTC.
Total supply never fully reaches 21 million
Although the commonly cited maximum supply is 21 million, the actual total will always be slightly lower.
This is due to how block rewards are calculated using integer values in the smallest unit (satoshis). When rewards are repeatedly halved, fractional amounts are discarded, preventing the total from ever reaching the exact limit.
As a result, the final supply is expected to be approximately:
20,999,999.9769 BTC
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